In-text citations and Bibliographies

Harvard is a in-text citations and bibliography referencing system. This means that all sources should be immediately cited with an in-text reference when they are mentioned in your work, and a full reference should appear in the Bibliography at the end of your work.

In-text Citations

An in-text citation consists of the author or authors’ surname(s), and the year the source was published. If you are quoting, or otherwise referring to a particular part of the source, it should also include the page or paragraph number.

An in-text citation may look like this:

If the whole of the work by Hall was being cited, not only a specific section, then the in-text citation might look like this:

Bibliography

The Bibliography should contain full details of everything you have cited in your assignment. Each reference should follow the format for its source type, as given in the Harvard Referencing Guide, which allows readers to see the full information needed to trace the item.

All the references should be listed in alphabetical order of author’s name, regardless of format.

Footnotes

At the University of Law, we permit our students to use footnotes for a singular purpose: to provide the reader with an indicator that supplementary information is available if they wish to investigate further. They are never used to reference or make citations.

Supplementary information in the form of footnotes or appendices that is not in the main text will not be marked.

Citethemright

You’re new to referencing – where do you start?

The Harvard Referencing Guide gives you formats for different reference types, along with examples of how they should look. But we also have another resource called CiteThemRight.

CiteThemRight is a reference creation support website. It gives you examples of what different types of reference should look like, and also a place where you can try creating a reference for yourself.

Each resource type in CiteThemRight has its own ‘You Try’ box, where you can type your own reference information to replace a reference template. CiteThemRight takes care of all the punctuation and formatting; you simply add your information.

To learn more about how to use CiteThemRight, take our very short: